như trên

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The Vietnamese phrase "như trên" translates to "as above" or "like above" in English. It is commonly used in writing and conversation to refer back to something that has been previously mentioned or to indicate that the same idea or information applies again.

Usage Instructions:

• Use "như trên" to refer back to information or statements that were made earlier in a text or conversation.
• It’s typically found in formal writing, such as reports, essays, or official documents.
• It's also used in casual conversation when you want to confirm that the same information is relevant.

Example:

1. In a document:

   • "Chi phí cho dự án này sẽ tương tự như trên."
   • (The costs for this project will be similar to those mentioned above.)

2. In a conversation:

   • A: "Bạn đã đi Paris chưa?"
   • B: "Chưa, nhưng tôi muốn đi như trên."
   • (A: "Have you been to Paris?" B: "Not yet, but I want to go as mentioned above.")

Advanced Usage:

In more advanced contexts, "như trên" can be used to summarize a point that has been made earlier or to highlight a recurring theme in a discussion or document. It can also serve to reinforce the importance of the previously stated information.

Word Variants:

While "như trên" is a specific phrase, there are other phrases that can convey similar meanings: - "như đã nói" (as mentioned) - "như đã trình bày" (as presented)

Different Meanings:

"Như trên" primarily means "as above" or "like above," but contextually it can also imply "the same as stated earlier." It is often used in formal communication to maintain clarity and coherence.

Synonyms:

• "như đã nêu" (as stated)
• "theo như" (according to)

Academic

1. Idem, ditto